Armenia Celebrates Constitution Day on July 5

Every year on July 5, Armenia celebrates Constitution Day, marking the adoption of its foundational legal document in 1995. This year, Armenia's Constitution turns 29, and the nation observes a non-working day to honor this significant milestone in its history.

The Birth of a Constitution

On July 5, 1995, Armenia's Constitution was put to a public referendum. Official records confirm that the Constitution was adopted, laying the groundwork for Armenia as an independent state. This document was crucial as it defined Armenia as a democratic, sovereign, social, and constitutional republic, with Yerevan as its capital.

Amendments and Revisions

Over the years, Armenia's Constitution has undergone significant changes to adapt to the evolving political landscape.

A decade after its initial adoption, on November 27, 2005, Armenia held another referendum to amend the Constitution. These changes aimed to expand the powers of the parliament. Although the opposition called for a boycott, the referendum was officially recognized, and the amendments were adopted. 

The most transformative change came on December 6, 2015, when another referendum led to Armenia transitioning from a semi-presidential system to a parliamentary republic. This meant that the president would no longer be elected by popular vote but by the National Assembly, changing the dynamics of the country's governance. This shift aimed to enhance parliamentary democracy and ensure a more balanced distribution of power.

Key Provisions of the Constitution

The Armenian Constitution comprises a preamble and nine chapters, detailing the principles and structure of the state. Here are some key aspects:

- Sovereign and Democratic State: Articles one and two declare Armenia as a sovereign, democratic, social, and legal state, with power vested in its people.

- Human Rights and Freedoms: The Constitution guarantees fundamental human and civil rights, aligning with internationally recognized norms.

- Separation of Powers: It ensures a clear separation of legislative, executive, and judicial powers to maintain checks and balances.

- Local Self-Government: The Constitution provides for local self-governance, empowering communities to manage local affairs.

- Judiciary: A well-defined judicial system ensures the fair application of laws and upholds justice.

Future

As Armenia celebrates Constitution Day, it reflects on the journey of its legal evolution. The Constitution has played a crucial role in shaping the nation's democratic framework and ensuring the rule of law. With each amendment and referendum, Armenia strives to strengthen its democratic institutions and adapt to the changing needs of its society.

This day serves as a reminder of the importance of a strong legal foundation in creating a just and democratic society.